| Sid Meier's Colonization | |
|---|---|
| Developer(s) | MicroProse |
| Publisher(s) | MicroProse |
| Designer(s) | Brian Reynolds, Sid Meier |
| Platform(s) | Amiga, DOS, Windows, Macintosh |
| Release date(s) | 1994, 1995 |
| Genre(s) | Turn-based strategy |
| Mode(s) | Single player |
Sid Meier's Colonization is a computer game by Brian Reynolds and Sid Meier released by MicroProse in 1994. It is a turn-based strategy game themed on the early European colonization of the New World, starting in 1492 and lasting until 1850. It was originally released for DOS, and later ported to Windows (1995), the Amiga (1995) and Macintosh (1995).
Colonization is much like a more developed version of Sid Meier's previous game Civilization (1991) in visual design and handling, but the two have marked differences in gameplay.[1] Instead of forging a nation from nothing, the player manages the cross-Atlantic expansion of an established one in the service of the Crown. As the colonies become more self-sufficient their subservience shifts from boon towards bane, and to win the player must ultimately declare independence and defeat the Royal Expeditionary Force in battle.
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The game begins in 1492. The player controls the colonial forces of England, France, The Netherlands, or Spain; the other powers are then played by the computer. The choice of nation is important, as each nation has unique abilities that favour certain strategies. There is a choice between a historical map (America) or a randomly generated map; the randomly generated map shifts the focus of the game toward exploration—in this mode the game has considerable replay potential.
The journey begins with two units traveling on a ship to the new world; as the ship moves into the unknown, the map is revealed. Subsequently, the new world is discovered, the Indians are met, a colony is built, colonists begin to change the land to be more productive, the ship is sent back to Europe to collect more colonists, any superfluous items are sold and the exploration of the world begins. The game revolves around harvesting food and manufacturing and trading goods. Resources gleaned from the land are converted into commodities and either used or sold (usually back in Europe). The prices of commodities fluctuate depending upon supply and demand. The more of a commodity is sold by the colonial powers, the less the markets will be willing to pay for them. With money, a player is able to buy goods, recruit new colonists, or buy ships or artillery. While maintaining an income, the player is also required to protect his colonies from potential invasion through employing soldiers. Moreover, the player is required to manage his citizens effectively, educating the populace in various skills to increase their productivity in areas such as farming, gathering of resources, or manufacturing. There are three areas of employment in the Colonization world: primary resource gatherers, secondary resource manufacturers, and the more specialized units such as soldiers, statesmen, pioneers, Jesuit missionaries, and preachers. The geography of the land determines the productivity of a colony. For instance, some squares produce great amounts of food, while others may produce greater amounts of ore or silver. Thus it becomes necessary to link various colonies together via trade roads (roads grant increased mobility of units) or sea trade routes, to transport goods from colonies where there is excess to those where there is demand.
Specialist buildings and special squares, as in Civilization, have greater output. Specialists, who produce more per turn, can be trained or recruited. Indentured servants and criminals are as good as ordinary colonists in primary production but not so good at manufacturing or statesmanship; but they can be transformed into improved unit types by education or experience. Missions established in Indian villages eventually encourage converts to join a colony; they are better than ordinary colonists at most outdoor pursuits, but not industrial ones.
Horses can be bought and sold, but they also multiply in any colony that has two or more of them and a food surplus. They help any colonist move further in a turn, add to military strength, and allow Scouts to be created to meet with native settlements or foreign colonies.
Ships of several types (Caravel, Merchantman, Galleon, Privateer, and Frigate) can be purchased or built (a larger ship, the Man-O-War, can only be acquired during the War of Independence, and then only by recruiting a European power to join your revolution). They move goods, horses, and colonists around, and some can attack. Wagon trains (which are built in colonies) move goods and horses on land, and can be used to trade with the native tribes.
Relationships must be carefully maintained with Indians and other colonial powers, from waging war and maintaining strategic defenses to offering tributes or "recruiting peacemakers" (Benjamin Franklin and Pocahontas). Destroying native settlements yields a quick profit and makes land available, but prevents the substantial long-term gains to be made by friendly bargaining and trading. Destruction of native settlements also counts against the player's final score.
The king of the player's home country meddles in colonial affairs from time to time, mostly by raising the tax rate. Occasionally they might force colonial armies into wars with rival colonies. The player must also pay attention to political developments and the recruitment of Founding Fathers (roughly corresponding to the Civilization Advances of Civilization), to ensure the best possible chance of success.
On the easiest level, the action essentially takes place at the speed in which the player wants it to. With each increase in difficulty level, the restrictions that bound successful endeavors become more pronounced. The game is eventually won by seceding from the motherland, signing the Declaration of Independence and defeating the armies which are sent to usurp the player's ‘unalienable rights’. Successful navigation through the game requires the player to strategize and to effectively make use of what resources are provided, to explore and cultivate the land and to negotiate between rivals.
While the military aspect of the game is important, it is less so than in the Civilization series, focusing more heavily on aspects of trade and the inter-relationships between peoples and colonies, which make up the New World community. In doing all these things the player is required to develop certain fundamental notions which influence both the game world and the real world, such as: infrastructure restrictions and requirements, methods for increasing productivity, the importance of economic and civic growth, the centrality of trade, that some natural resources are more useful and more valuable than others, the importance of education, that newspapers and diplomats influence public opinion, that religion can affect people's allegiances, even that it’s more sensible to use the colonists who aren’t proficient in a trade or profession as soldiers, the influence of historical figures on colonial New World societies, and the list goes on.
There are four European powers available. The player may pick to play as a colonial leader of any one of these powers, and the remaining three powers will be the computer-controlled competitors. Each power has certain bonuses that make them unique and different from each other.
| Nation | Color | Default names | Starting units | Bonus |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| English | Red | Walter Raleigh, New England | Soldier, pioneer, caravel | An increased efficiency of Cross production, which is what prompts new free colonists to appear on the European docks. This will make it easier to expand the colony and build up the cities. The bonus alludes to "religious unrest" in England in the 17th century, such as that which led people such as the Puritans and Quakers to come to America. |
| French | Blue | Jacques Cartier, New France | Soldier, expert pioneer, caravel | A reduction in the rate at which they generate tension with the Natives. This leads to easier negotiations, trade, and coexistence with the natives, which can be cultivated as a military alliance as well. This bonus is in reference to the coureurs des bois |
| Spanish | Yellow | Christopher Columbus, New Spain | Veteran soldier, pioneer, caravel | A 50% military bonus against native villages. Using this leads to a lot of treasure and possibly some converts, and eliminates a potential threat (but also potential ally). The bonus alludes to the aftermath of the Reconquista, which left the Spanish with a huge eager military with nothing to do; they were then sent to colonize the Americas, ultimately wiping out some of the land's most legendary tribes. |
| Dutch | Orange | Michiel de Ruyter, New Netherlands | Soldier, pioneer, merchantman | A more favorable fluidity of prices on trade with Europe; the prices are more stable when trading in quantity, and return to their usual levels more quickly. This ultimately results in better profits and more money. |
Analogous to technologies in Civilization, social and industrial advances are achieved by the addition of "Founding Fathers" to the "Continental Congress", which are gained by generating a sufficient number of "Liberty Bells" through the colonial pride of settlers. These are all named after real historical figures.
One main driving impulse in Colonization is the harvesting of natural resources, such as lumber (for building), ore (for manufacturing), and food (for population growth). Squares on the map have basic values of resource output (depending on the type of terrain and if a river runs through it), but certain 'prime' squares have double or higher output values. Inside the town, any colonist can work the field for the basic resource output. However, specially trained units can typically harvest twice as much, such as the Lumberjack (wood), Expert Ore Miner (ore), or Farmers and Fishermen (food). Farmers and Fishermen however are notable exceptions to this; rather than doubling the output of a tile, they only add two food production to the value of what would otherwise be the output of a Free Colonist's labor. An Expert Farmer is still required to gain the higher bonus values for the 'wheat', 'game' or 'oasis' special tiles however. Likewise an Expert Fisherman is required to gain the higher bonus for the 'fishery' special tile.
Another important ingredient is the production and collection of raw goods that can be converted into commodities for sale in Europe, to the Native American tribes and, provided a certain Founding Father is in the Continental Congress, the other European powers playing in the game. These commodities start out as cotton, sugar, tobacco and furs, and eventually get transformed into cloth, rum, cigars and coats (respectively). In addition, a player can mine for silver which is ready to be sold 'as-is'.
Accordingly, there exists a certain connection between the resources available and the units that can harvest them most efficiently, along with the buildings that workers use to transform them into commodities. For example, Cotton is generally available in prairies, but there are also 'Prime Cotton' squares with far greater output. Inside a town, a colonist can harvest a basic amount of Cotton from the fields (starting at 3 per turn), but a Master Cotton Planter can generally harvest twice as much (6). Once the raw materials have been collected - or perhaps at the same time - another colonist can make Cloth from Cotton (3 per turn). Again, a Master Weaver can produce twice as much Cloth (6) from existing stores compared to anyone else. To further improve this efficiency, a Weaver's Shop doubles the production rate of either the regular colonist (from 3 to 6) or the Master Weaver (from 6 to 12). Additional factors can affect the final output, such as the existence of a factory (+50%) or the town favoring independence at 50% or higher (which adds a bonus to colonists working in the town). Finally, each building supports a maximum of up to 3 workers at one time.
| Good | (Special) Resource | (Special) Harvester | (Special) Worker | Building / Factory | Best Suited Terrain |
| Cigars | (Prime) Tobacco | (Master) Tobacco Planter | (Master) Tobacconist | Tobacco Shop / Cigar Factory | Grassland |
| Cloth | (Prime) Cotton | (Master) Cotton Planter | (Master) Weaver | Weaver's Shop / Textile Mill | Prairie |
| Coats | (Prime) Furs | (Master) Fur Trapper | (Master) Fur Trader | Fur Trading Post / Coat Factory | Tundra/Boreal Forest/Mixed Forest |
| Rum | (Prime) Sugar | (Master) Sugar Planter | (Master) Distiller | Rum Distillery / Rum Factory | Savannah |
Aside from European colonial powers, the NPC powers include eight Native American tribes, in four main categories. Each Native American settlement can convert one regular colonist into a specialist (such as an Expert Farmer or Cotton Planter); the specialist type varies in each settlement, with the capital settlement able to convert multiple times. When a scout unit tries to enter a settlement, results may range from monetary gifts, to the revealing of nearby lands and the occasional being tied up for target practice (usually only if the natives are wary of the player's actions or growth on their lands).
More advanced tribes live in larger cities. Conquering them is harder, but yields more treasure. On the standard map they typically have fewer settlements than the other tribes, but there is no difference on random maps.
Semi-Nomadic (technically, hunter-gatherer) tribes live in teepees.
Agrarian tribes live in longhouses.
Colonization allows for some basic game modification, mostly in the form of altering text files that control certain aspects of the game. The primary file is "names.txt", which contains information such as square-types and their output of natural resources, but also on the goods and their prices in Europe. One can alter the starting prices, the min/max values, the drop and recovery levels, etc. By setting the min/max values to be the same, one can effectively "fix" the price of a particular item.
There are also several custom scenarios[2] available online, that put the player in different circumstances to the regular in game campaigns.
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There exists at least one subtle difference between platforms. On the Amiga version, putting a Missionary into a capital causes no ill effect. On the Windows version, doing the same results in a high degree of native anger.
Civilization IV: Colonization is a Firaxis remake of Colonization, using an upgraded Civilization IV engine. The game features original gameplay, 3D graphics, an updated AI, and multiplayer support. It was released for the PC on September 22, 2008.
In Civilization III: Conquests, one of the "conquests" was similar.
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